化工专业英语第八单元翻译.docVIP

第八单元 石油加工 Unit 8 Petroleum Processing 石油是有机物几千年自然变化生成的，在地下聚集很大的数量，石油被人类发现和使用。它用来满足人们的需要，石油是成千上万有机物组成的混合物，通过改变精炼和加工的方式生产不同的燃料。石油化工产品通过化学反应生产纯的化学物质。 Petroleum was produced by thousands of years’ natural change of organic. It gathered into a great amount in underground and it was discovered and used by human beings to satisfy their needs. Petroleum is a mixture of thousands of organic composition. By changing the methods of refining and processing, it was produced into different fuels. Petrochemical products produce pure chemicals by chemical reactions. 现代工业是连续的操作过程。首先，管式加热器加热原油，通过沸点分离这些物质，和间歇蒸馏得到的物质相似。但是这种分离方法更好。使用的程序包括分裂，聚合，加氢裂化，加氢处理，异构化，焦化处理。很多化学过程被设计用来改变沸点和分子结构。 Modern industry is a continuous operation process. First of all, tubular heaters heat the crude petroleum. Then separate these substances through the boiling point, which are similar to the substances via batch distillation. But this separation method is better. The process of usage includes split, polymerization, hydro cracking, hydro treating, isomerization and coking processing. A lot of chemical processes are designed to change the boiling point and molecular structure. 石油的组成 The composition of petroleum 原油是由几千种不同的化学物质组成，包括气体、液体、固体以及甲烷，沥青，大多数成分是烃类，但也含有氮，硫磺，氧化物。没有一种成分是在原油中大量存在的。 Petroleum is made up of thousands of different chemical materials, including gas, liquid, solid, methane and asphalt. Most of the ingredients is hydrocarbons, but they also contain nitrogen, sulfur and oxide. There isn’t a component existing in large amounts in the crude petroleum. 正链烷烃：这类物质占了含量比其他的多，许多直馏汽油主要成分是正链烷烃。他们的抗震性能差。 Alkanet: this kind of material is much more than others. Many straight-run gasoline’s main ingredients is alkanet. Their seismic performance is poor. 异构烷烃：含有支链的烷烃有更好的抗震性能，因此，被人广泛使用。它们由催化重整，烷基化，异构化制备。它在原油中含量少。 Isomerization alkanet: it contains a chain of alkanet, which has a better seismic performance. Therefore, it’s widely used. They are made by catalytic reforming, alkylation and isomerization preparati