维生素A生物工程作物.ppt

* What do you get when you cross a rice plant and a daffodil? Riddle: a frankenfood a solution to malnutrition Vitamin A Vitamin A has many roles in the body: sight differentiation of epithelial cells sustenance of the immune system supports growth of bones anti-oxidant The recommended daily allowance is 800 – 1000 ug RE/day This is easily achieved for Americans….. 3 raw carrot sticks ? cup cooked carrots ? cup broccoli 1 medium sweet potato 2/3 cup fortified oatmeal ? cup tomato juice 100 million children are suffering from vitamin A deficiency Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) include: night blindness inability to recover from a flash of light clumping of skin cells around hair follicles irreversible progressive blindness due to corneal ulcers anemia reduced bone growth generally increased mortality 1.3 1.08 0.10 0.06 0.06 250,000-500,000 children go blind each year Half of these children die within one year of becoming blind In communities with VAD, a child is 23% more likely to die and 50% more likely to suffer acute symptoms of measles VAD is an important factor in maternal mortality, poor pregnancies and lactation In some populations night blindness is 10-20% among women Improving the Vitamin A status among these children can: Reduce the risk of mortality from measles by 50% Reduce the risk of mortality from diarrhoeal diseases by 40% Reduce overall mortality by 25-35% Increases iron uptake Improve response to vaccines Reduce birth-defects and cancer How can we increase the amount of Vitamin A in the diet of children and women in poverty stricken countries? Must be something that they can grow themselves Inexpensive Easily stored Must be something that they eat a lot of Goal: Genetically modify rice to be a source of Vitamin A Three steps to genetically engineering rice to make Vitamin A Understand the biology Collect the necessary pieces Engineer the pieces Biology of β-carotene production in plants Lycopen