《医学免疫学教学》antibody.ppt

医学免疫学 第四章 免疫球蛋白 Structure of antibody 1. Basic structure Heavy chain and Light chain Variable region and Constant region Other structures Hinge region（铰链） Joining chain （J链） Secretory component (SC，分泌片) The basic structure Four-polypeptides structure Two identical heavy chain and two identical light chain (2H+2L) Light chain combine with heavy chain through interchain disulfide bonds; and two heavy chains combine with each other also through interchain disulfide bonds. According the degree of variability in amino acid sequence. V region are the N-terminal quarter of the H-chain and the N-terminal half of the L-chain. C region are the C-terminal three-quarters of the H-chain and the C-terminal half of the L-chain. Hypervariable regions (高变区，HV)： Sequence variability in V regions is concentrated in several regions, called Hypervariable regions。They are also called complementary-determining regions (互补决定区，CDRs) 。It is comlementary to the structure of epitope. Framework regions (骨架区，FR): the remain regions in V regions. Hinge region（铰链区） Joining chain and secretory component (SC)（J链和分泌片） IgG, IgD and IgA contain an extended peptide sequence between CH1 and CH2 domains. This region, called hinge region. Be rich in prolines and is flexible, giving IgG, IgD and IgA segmental flexibility. IgM, IgE lack hinge region, but they have CH2 in this region and have extra CH4. 2.? The domains of Ig Domains of IgG, IgA, IgD 1) H chain: V region: VH; C region: CH1, CH2, CH3. (IgE, IgM has another CH4) 2) L chain: V region: VL; C region: CL; 抗体的异质性 抗体的异质性指抗体的结构和功能上的不均一性或差异性。多种机制导致抗体的异质性： 抗原的多样性：不同抗原含有不同的抗原表位，刺激产生特异性不同的抗体（V区不同） 。 抗原表位的多样性：同一抗原往往含有多种不同的抗原表位，刺激产生多种特异性不同的抗体（V区不同） 。 抗体类型的多样性：针对同一抗原表位产生的抗体特异性相同（V区相同） ，但类、型可能不同（C区不同）。 Ig的类型 类（class）：根据CH免疫原性的不同分为五大类 γ μ α δ ε IgG IgM IgA IgD IgE 亚类（subclass）：同一类免疫球蛋白根据重链的免疫原性和二硫键数目，位置的