反应工程基础程易chaptermodelnonidealreactors.pptVIP

Summary The models for predicting conversion from RTD data are:a. Zero adjustable parameters(1) Segregation model(2) Maximum mixedness modelb. One adjustable parameter(1) Tanks-in-series model(2) Dispersion modelc. Two adjustable parameters: real reactor modeled as combinations of ideal reactors 2. Tanks-in-series model: use RTD data to estimate the number of tanks in series For a first-order reaction 3. Dispersion model: for a first-order reaction, use the Danckwerts boundary conditions 4. Determine Da (a) For laminar flow the dispersion coefficient is (b) Correlations. (c) Experiment in RTD analysis to find tm and ?2 Closed-closed Open-open 5. If a real reactor is modeled as a combination of ideal reactors, the model should have at most two parameters. ?0 V1 V2, CA2 ?0 CA1 ?1 ?1 Vs CA0, ?0 ?b CA0 CAS Vd 1 2 CA ?0 = ?b +?s 6. The RTD is used to extract model parameters. 7. Comparison of conversions for a PFR and CSTR with the zero-parameter and two-parameter models. Xseg symbolizes the conversion obtained from the segregation model and Xmm that from the maximum mixedness model for reaction orders greater than one. with 10.4 Flow, reaction, and dispersion 10.4.1 Balance equations Second-order ODE Similar to A: 1st-order reaction Dimensionless Damk?hler number for first-order reaction Damk?hler number for first-order reaction Peclet number l: characteristic length term Per: reactor Peclet number, it uses reactor length, L Pef: fluid Peclet number, it uses characteristic length that determines the fluid’s mechanical behavior Empty tube: Packed bed: ?: bed porosity : pipe diameter 10.4.2 Boundary conditions Boundary conditions for closed vessels and open vessels. Closed-closed vessels: assume that there is no dispersion or radial variation in concentration either upstream (closed) or downstream (closed) of the reaction section Open-open vessels: dispersion occurs both upstream (open) and downstream (open) of the reaction section Da=0 Da0 Da=0 z = 0