细胞培养概述2010918.pptVIP

细胞培养的形态与结构 一般显微镜下细胞轮廓会增强，反差增大。 用相差显微镜可看到在胞质中出现颗粒、脂滴和空泡等，反差很大的暗色小颗粒是变形的线粒体。 观察功能不良的细胞 四 贴壁型细胞的生长特点 贴壁型细胞的生长特点 贴附和伸展 接触抑制 生长的密度限制 二 细胞简史 动物细胞体外培养的历史可追溯到1907年，美国生物学家Harrison在无菌条件下，以淋巴液为培养基成功地在试管中培养了蛙胚神经组织达数周，创立了体外组织培养法。 在随后的近一个世纪里，随着细胞生物学、培养系统及培养方法等领城的不断丰富和完善，动物细胞培养技术得到了很大的发展。发展至今已成为生物、医学研究和应用中广泛采用的技术方法，利用动物细胞培养生产具有重要医用价值的酶、生长因子、疫苗和单抗等，已成为医药生物高技术产业的重要部分。大规模动物细胞培养在生物技术产业化进程中显示出强大的潜力。 细胞培养简史 Historical events in the development of cell culture 1878: Claude Bernard proposed that physiological systems of an organism can be maintained in a living system after the death of an organism. 1885: Roux maintained embryonic chick cells in a saline culture. 1897: Loeb demonstrated the survival of cells isolated from blood and connective tissue in serum and plasma. 1903: Jolly observed cell division of salamander leucocytes in vitro. 1907: Harrison cultivated frog nerve cells in a lymph clot held by the hanging drop method and observed the growth of nerve fibers in vitro for several weeks. He was considered by some as the father of cell culture. 1910: Burrows succeeded in long term cultivation of chicken embryo cell in plasma clots. He made detailed observation of mitosis. Contd.. 1911: Lewis and Lewis made the first liquid media consisted of sea water, serum, embryo extract, salts and peptones. They observed limited monolayer growth. 1913: Carrel introduced strict aseptic techniques so that cells could be cultured for long periods. 1916: Rous and Jones introduced proteolytic enzyme trypsin for the subculture of adherent cells. 1923: Carrel and Baker developed Carrel or T-flask as the first specifically designed cell culture vessel. They employed microscopic evaluation of cells in culture. 1927: Carrel and Rivera produced the first viral vaccine - Vaccinia. 1933: Gey developed the roller tube technique. Contd.. 1940s: The use of the antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin in culture medium decreased the problem of contamination in cell culture. 1948: Earle isolated mouse L