上海财大ACCAF讲义课件.ppt

10 Environmental factors 10.1 Significance of environmental effects 10.2 Impact on environment of economic activities Environmental footprint is the impact that a business’s activities have upon the environment including its resource environment and pollution emissions. Depletion of natural resources Noise and aesthetic impacts Residual air and water emissions Long-term waste disposal Uncompensated health effects Change in the local quality of life 10.3 Impact on organisation of environmental costs Direct or indirect environmental costs Waste management Remediation costs or expenses Compliance costs Permit fees Environmental training Environmentally driven research and development Environmentally related maintenance Legal costs and fines Environmental assurance bonds Environmental certification and labelling Natural resource inputs Record keeping and reporting Contingent or intangible environmental costs Uncertain future remediation or compensation costs Risk posed by future regulatory changes Product quality Employee health and safety Environmental knowledge assets Sustainability of raw material inputs Risk of impaired assets Public / customer perception 10.4 Social impacts of activities 10.4.1 Stakeholder expectations Increasing expectations of stakeholders 10.4.2 Reputation risk Increasingly a business must have the reputation of being a responsible business that enhances long-term shareholder value by addressing the needs of its stakeholders. 6 Consumer protection 6.1 What is a contract? A contract is a legally binding agreement. This requires an offer made by one party, acceptance by the other party and, in England and Wales (but not Scotland), some consideration passing between them. They do not have to be written or spoken. Sell of Goods Act 1979 6.2 Sale of goods and services 6.2.1 Implied terms The effect of delay in performance Title, or the seller’s right to sell the goods Description of the goods Quality of the goods Fitness of the goods for the purpo