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- 2019-09-10 发布于河北
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☆(四) 数 词
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
初高中衔接相关知识
数次在中学语法中占有很重要的地位,在初中阶段要求学生掌握基数词、序数词、分数、小数以及时刻的表达和运用,数次通常在选择题和词性转换题型中出现。而在高中的学习要求中,除了上述的用法外,还要求掌握年代表示法、年龄表示法以及不定数量词“多”的表示法,高中阶段一般用选择题的方式来进行考查。
1. 倍数表示法
(1)主语 + 谓语 + 倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as 如:
I have three times as many as you.
(2)主语 + 谓语 + 倍数(或分数)+ the size(amount, length…)of… ,如:
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
2. 分数表示法
构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分母序数词用复数,如:
1/3 one-third; 2/3 two thirds
3. 年代表示法 in the 1990s / in the 1990’s 20世纪90年代
4. 年龄表示法
(1)表示“整岁”,直接用基数词或year, age 。例如:
He is a twenty-year-old man. = He is aged twenty. = He is at age twenty. = He is at the age of twenty.
(2)表示“在某人几十多岁”,用“in one’s + 基数词复数”形式,还可以借助early, middle, late来表达得更明确一些。例如:
He is in his seventies.
The girl is in her early twenties.
He is in his middle teens. 他今年十四五岁。
She is in her late twenties. 她今年二十八九岁。
(3)表示“快满多少岁”用进行时或将来时。例如:
He is getting on for eighteen. =He is going on eighteen years old. =He will be eighteen years old.
=It will be his eighteenth birthday. 他快满十八岁了。
(4)“不满多少岁”可用副词barely, nearly, almost, quite, yet, just等表示。例如:
She is barely/nearly/almost seventeen.=She is not quite/yet seventeen.=She is just under seventeen.
(5)表示“差多久满多少岁”用介词off。例如:
He is five months off nineteen.
She is three years off fifty.
(6)“超过多少岁”用介词past 例如:
He is past fifty.
He is a man past middle age.
The baby is two months past two years old.
3. 不定数量词“多”的表示法
被修饰名词的数
英语表达
汉语意思
修饰可数名词
dozens of
几十;许多
scores of
许多
many, a good(great) many, many a(修饰单数可数名词)
许多;大量
hundreds of
数以百计
thousands of, thousands upon thousands of
成千上万
millions of
数百万
billions of
亿万
修饰不可数名词
much, a great(good) deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of
许多;大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of
许多;大量
★练习
1. About _____ of the workers in that factory _______ young people.
A. third-fifths; are B. three-fifths; are C.
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