旅游霸王条款的反思与控制.doc

PAGE  旅游霸王条款的反思与控制 摘要：由于旅行社追求利益性，依靠其垄断地位使得旅游者与旅行社之间产生信息不对称的现象，使处于弱势地位的消费者无法得到有利保障，这就是霸王条款“横行于世”的主要原因。霸王条款的存在损害了旅游者的合法权益，破坏了正常的消费秩序，不利于构建和谐社会。必须采用强有力的立法、行政及司法制度来规制旅游合同格式条款，同时要引进竞争，开放市场，提高消费者的自我保护意识，培养经营者的行业自律性，让社会组织进行监督，从而使社会主义市场经济体制日趋完善。 关键字：旅游 霸王条款 反思与控制 The reflection and control of the imparity clauses in tourism Abstract: Due to the pursuit of the interests of travel agents, and rely on its monopoly position make the phenomena that the information between tourists and travel agencies are inequality, so that the tourists who are in a weak position can not get the reasonable protections, these are the main reasons that why the imparity clauses can exist in the society so long. The imparity clauses impinge on tourists’ rights； damage the normal order of the consumption, which is bad to building a harmonious society. The powerful legislation﹑administration and judicial system must be used to regulate the format of the terms of the contract system for tourism and at the same time opening up the market to introduce competition, raise consumer awareness of self-protection and train operators of the industry self-regulation, and the supervision of community organizations, all these in order to enable the socialist market economy system better. Keyword: tourism imparity clauses reflection and control 目 录 一、旅游合同概述…………………………………………………………………………… 1 （一）旅游合同……………………………………………………………………………… 1 （二）旅游合同特征………………………………………………………………………… 1 1．旅游合同是无名合同……………………………………………………………………… 1 2．旅游合同多为格式合同…………………………………………………………………… 2 3．旅游合同是双务合同 …………………………………………………………………… 2 4．旅游合同标的物的特殊性…………………………………………………………… 2 二、霸王条款及旅游霸王条款的概述…………………………………………………… 2 （一）霸王条款的产生及其定义………………………………………………………… 3 （二）旅游霸王条款的特点………………………………………………………………… 3 1．权利和义务的不对等性、肆意加重消费者的责任……………………………………… 3 2．减轻或减免自己责任、逃避经营者应尽的义务………………………………………… 3 3．违反法律法规规定、任意扩大经营者所拥有的权利…………………………………… 3 4．利用模糊条款掌控最终解释权，排除或者剥夺消费者的权利………………………… 3 （三）霸王条款产生的根源………………………………………………………………… 3 1．经营者追求利益性是“霸王条款”产生的思想根源………………………………… 4 2．经营者的垄断地位是“霸王条款”产生的经