ITS 系统发展趋势.pptVIP

車輛監控 * 最佳路線導引 * 弱勢使用者保護服務(Vulnerable Individual Protection Services, VIPS) VIPS係以交通弱勢使用者為主體，考量其安全問題，對象包括行人、兒童、老年人、殘障人士及自行車與機車騎士之需求。 使用者服務項目包括： 行人/自行車騎士安全：提供行人與自行車騎士安全維護之服務。 機車騎士安全：提供機車騎士安全維護之服務。 * 有聲號誌設備 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Intelligent transportation applications Electronic toll collection (ETC) makes it possible for vehicles to drive through toll gates at traffic speed, reducing congestion at toll plazas and automating toll collection. Most ETC systems were based on using radio devices in vehicles that would use proprietary (專利的) protocols to identify a vehicle as it passed under a gantry over the roadway. Many ETC systems use transponders like this one to electronically debit the accounts of registered cars without their stopping Norway now has 25 toll roads operating with electronic fee collection (EFC), as the Norwegian technology is called (see AutoPASS). In 1995, Portugal became the first country to apply a single, universal system to all tolls in the country, 電子式自動收費 * Automated vehicle identification Some early AVI (Automated vehicle identification) systems used barcodes affixed to each vehicle, to be read optically at the toll booth. Optical systems proved to have poor reading reliability, especially when faced with inclement weather and dirty vehicles. Most current AVI systems rely on radio-frequency identification, where an antenna at the toll gate communicates with a transponder on the vehicle via Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). High occupancy toll lanes High occupancy toll lanes (HOT lanes) is a road pricing scheme that gives motorists in single-occupant vehicles access to high-occupancy vehicle lanes (or HOV lanes). Typically, these tolls increase as traffic density and congestion within the tolled lanes increases, a policy known as congestion pricing. The goal of this pricing scheme is to minimize traffic congestion within the lanes. Cordon zones with congestion pricing The main objective of this charge is to