利用碳纳米管提高有机太阳能电池的效率(31).ppt

Utilizing Carbon Nanotubes to Improve Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells ENMA 490 Spring 2006 Motivation Problem: Lack of power in remote locations Possible solution: Organic solar cells are less expensive and more portable than conventional solar cells Main issue: Inadequate efficiency What We Did Focus: Increase the efficiency through the addition of carbon nanotubes Research Goal: Model a basic device and propose an ideal structure for more efficient power generation Experimental Goal: Build selected devices to test parameters Project Organization Research Team Erik Lowery Nathan Fierro Adam Haughton Richard Elkins How Organic Solar Cells Work Critical Design Issues Exciton creation via photon absorption Material absorption characteristics Exciton diffusion to junction Interfaces within exciton diffusion length (nanoscale structure) Charge separation Donor/Acceptor band alignment Transport of charge to electrodes High charge mobility The Active Layer Composed of an electron donor and electron acceptor 3 types of junctions Bilayer Diffuse Bilayer Bulk heterojunction Usually the excitons from the electron donor are responsible for the photocurrent Electron Acceptor MEH-PPV-CN Electron acceptor CN group Increased band alignment Higher electron affinity Electrical Properties Poor charge mobility Optical Properties Peak emission at 558 nm Peak absorption at 405 nm (~3eV) Electron Donor Carbon Nanotubes Orders of magnitude better conductance than polymers Our nanotubes specifications (Zyvex) Functionalized Diameter: 5-15 nm Length: 0.5-5 microns MWNT (60% metallic 40% semiconducting) Electron Donor (cont.) Carbon Nanotubes Optical Properties Diameter SW vs. MW Chirality (Semi-conducting vs metallic) Modeling Model Geometry Photogeneration of Excitons Exciton Transport to Junction Electron Hole Separation Charge Transport to Electrode Model Geometry Photogeneration of Excitons Photogeneration of Excitons Start with Beer-Lambert absorption equation: Ar