《c英汉语言对比课件》-(精选)课件.pptVIP

第二章 英汉语言对比A comparison between English and Chinese 第一部分 Part One Procedures of today Similarities between English and Chinese Differences between English and Chinese (vocabularies and grammars) Exercises in class Assignments of today 英汉语言的相同之处similarities 词类划分: 汉语： 实词（content word): 名词、动词、 形容 词、副词、代词、数词 、量词 虚词（empty word)：介词、连词、语气词、助词 （结构助词“的”、“地”、“得”，时态助词“着”、“了”、“过”，情态助词“吗”、“呢”、“吧”、“啊”、“嘛”、“了”等） 英汉语言的相同之处similarities 词类划分 句子要素:都有主语、谓语、宾语（表语）、定语和状语的划分。 特别是主语和谓语，从本质上来说都是英、汉两种语言的主要组成框架(S+V+O/P) e.g. I like your new hairstyle. 我喜欢你的新发型。 It is cute. 它很可爱。 英汉语言的差异Differences 词汇差异（vocabularies） 语法形态的差异(grammars) 句法差异(syntax) 修辞差异(figures of speech) 段落与篇章差异(paragraphs and discourses) Differences between vocabularies (Ⅰ) 各种词性的使用频率 英语语法重在动词，但使用较少，汉语则惯用动词或动词词组 英语的代词使用频率高 英语中的介词数量多，具有巨大的搭配联结能力和表达功能 英语形容词表达能力强 英语名词与汉语动词 Out of his (Jefferson’s) tremendous energy came inventions, books, new ideas and new starts in every field of human endeavor. 他 (Jefferson) 精力极其充沛，他创造发明，著书立说，阐发新思想，并在人类努力从事的各个领域中有所开创。 His preoccupation with business left little time for his family. 他全神贯注于事业，因而能与家人共度的时间很少。 他们慢慢地沿着整个北冰洋岸航行，一路仔细观察。 Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way. 天已经擦黑，虫鸣蛙噪，一片喧闹。 It is already dark, and the chorus of insects and frogs is in full swing. More examples Spontaneity has never been my forte. As a 14-year-old, I would refuse to go for walks around the block with my friends if I was the least bit behind my schoolwork. 一时冲动心血来潮的做事向来不是我的专长。14岁时我就这样，那排只有一点作业没做完，我都不会丢开书本和朋友去玩。 畅游在卢瓦河上，仿佛行进在历史、艺术与现实的交错之中，这欧洲的一角已被深深的镌刻在人们心中。 A journey on the Loire is a meander in history, art and daily life. It is a corner of Europe that etched itself deeply in the heart and mind. 代词的使用 A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. 江南的春天素称多雨，一落就是七八天。住在上海的人们