第一章无线网络概述.pptVIP

移动计算的发展 移动计算 移动Agent模型 了解工作过程 Characteristics of Mobile Devices移动计算设备的特点 Resource-poor compared to their desktop counterparts 资源有限 Limited processing power 处理能力 Limited battery life电池寿命 Limited network connectivity网络连接性 Poor availability…they sleep a lot!休眠 Poor display resolution (except notebooks)小显示 Tedious data input (except notebooks)交互方式 挑 战 The Challenges Challenges in Mobile Computing移动计算的挑战 The major challenges几个方面: Wireless Channel 无线信道 Mobility移动性 Device Limitation设备限制 Operating System操作系统 Transaction Processing事务处理 Security安全 QoS Wireless Channel无线信道方面的挑战 The 1st challenge Wireline Channel有线信道 Transmitter Receiver Wireline Channel, e.g. copper wire Too many noises?噪声 Shielded against electromagnetic noise屏蔽以抗干扰 Large signal attenuation?信号衰减较大 Use repeaters使用中继器 Data speed too low?数据速率低 Upgrade to coaxial cable同轴电缆 Data speed still too low?数据速率仍不够 Upgrade to optical fiber光纤 Fading Effect 强弱波动 Typical Indoor Wireless Environment Signal strength fluctuates significantly信号强度涨落明显 Wireless channel cannot be engineered. You can only improve your transmission and reception techniques. 无线信道无法用工程方法处理，只有改良发送和接收技术来保证 Bit Error Rate位出错率比较 Optical fiber光纤: 10-11 or 10-12 Mobile channel移动信道: Good quality好质量情况: 10-6 Actual condition实际条件下: 10-2 or worse 看到差别？ Wireless: Problems 综合结论 Typically much slower than wired networks 慢 “State of the art” wireless LAN: 54Mb/sec Wired LAN: 10000Mb/sec+ Higher transmission bit error rates (BER)出错率高 Uncontrolled population 传播无法控制 Difficult to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) 难以保证服务质量 Asymmetric bandwidth非对称信道 Limited communication bandwidth aggravates the problem of limited battery life 电池问题由于带宽有限更为加剧 Mobility移动性带来的挑战 The 2nd challenge User Mobility 用户移动问题 Location Management Problem 定位管理问题 How does the network know where the intended recipient of a message is currently located? 网络如何知道信息接收者的当前位置？ Cellular Scenario在蜂窝场景下 Where is Send broadcast messages from every base station?每一个基站发送广播？ Internet Sc