生物专业英语教学-细胞的繁殖讲解学习.ppt

Unit3 Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis;Warming–up Words and phrases Text Analysis Simple exercises ;有丝分裂和减数分裂的比较;1. interphase n. 分裂间期;Cell cycle ;分裂间期;2. prophase ;有丝分裂－前期;有丝分裂－中期;1）着丝粒分裂，染色单体分离 2）两条染色体受纺锤丝 牵引，向细胞两极移动 ;1）细胞质分裂 2）赤道板附近的细胞膜凹陷 3）细胞一分为二 4）植物则是在细胞中 央形成细胞板，再 形成细胞壁;有丝分裂全过程;During mitosis, sister chromatids remain joined by their centromere until anaphase.;A plant cell structure that begins to form in the center of the cell and proceeds to the cell membrane,resulting in cytokinesis.;The cell-plate membranes eventually form the two new plasma membranes of the daughter cells.;7. centromere n. 着丝粒;着丝点;8. chalone n. 抑素;9. chromatid n. 染色单体;10. chromatin n. 染色质;11. cytokinesis n. 胞质分裂;12. diploid n. 二倍体;13. haploid n. 单倍体;14. histone n. 组蛋白;15. homologous pair [h?um?l?g?s] [p??] n. 同源染色体对;16. karyotype n. 核型，染色体组型;17. meiosis n. 减数分裂;18.mitosis ;有丝分裂和减数分裂的比较; 19. metaphase plate;20.nucleosome ;;21.spindle ;Reviewing;12. interphase n. 分裂间期 13. karyotype n. 核型，染色体组型 14. meiosis n. 减数分裂 15. Metaphase n. 中期 16.metaphase plate n. 中期板，赤道板 17.mitosis n. 有丝分裂 18.nucleosome n. 核小体 19.prophase n. 前期 20.spindle n. 纺锤体 21.telophase n. 末期 ;Pre-reading Activities: Listen to a video and think about the concept and mechanism of cell reproduction. Text analysis ;Text Analysis;1. The nucleus and chromosomes;Long stretches of the continuous DNA molecule wind around these clusters of proteins, or histones, forming beadlike complexes known as nucleosomes. ;More coiling and supercoiling produces a dense chromosome structure. Each long strand of DNA combines with histones and nonhistone proteins to make up the substance chromatin.;A pictorial display of an organism’s chromosomes in the coiled, condensed state is known as a karyotype. ;Karyotypes reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies, referred to as homologous pairs. ;Non-sex chromosomes are called autosomes. Organisms whose cells contain two