代词的正确使用原则.docxVIP

智课网GMAT备考资料 代词的正确使用原则 新东方在线为大家整理了代词的正确使用原则，分享给大家，供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助!  (1) 代词一定有它要指代的先行词，找不到先行词的说明代词用法错误  (2) 代词与先行词的数量上必须一致，例如：前面为boys 后面用they而非he  (3) 代词指代必须符合逻辑，例如：The term “computer killer” may sound exaggerated, but it indeed paralyzed many computers.  此处it 指代term，term使得电脑瘫痪，显然逻辑意思不正确。  (4) 代词指代不能同时指代两个不同意义的词语，否则为指代歧义  (5) 做主语的代词，优先指代主语  例如：Because it was robbed last month, the door to the house is locked.  此处it 在从句中做主语，此处它优先指代the door，把the door带入从句后，发现逻辑出现错误，因此指代错误，这个句子错误。  一些90%正确的结论  1、one’s doing结构，如果不是想要表达它的动名词结构用法，则一般为错误的  例如：(1)After several years of rapid growth, the health care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, but proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying to doctors and hospitals.  分析：后面 in its paying中，paying 想要做的是动词：pay to doctors and hospitals，在its paying中paying成为了动名词，是没有必要的，属于不简洁;另外the health care company 是这句话的主语，句子已经很清晰地表述了是the health company fell behind in paying to doctors and hospitals，所以不需要用its来进行强调“是谁fell behind in paying to doctors and hospitals”  因此 its 在此处是多余的  (2)By sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, causing the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green, and the their dropping.  分析：their dropping中，dropping成为了动名词，使得句子成为cause the color of needles...........and their dropping. 显然使得句子的意思改变，原句想要表达的是cause the color of needles....and to drop。并且，color 和 dropping不平行。  2、同一句话中相同的代词优先指代相同的事物  例如：As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it is legally blind if it were an adult with such vision, because it would be rated about 20/500.  分析：出现两个it，第一个it显然在指代a baby，根据同一句话中相同的代词优先指代相同的事物，第二个it也在指代baby，带入语义后逻辑意思错误，不是baby would be rated about 20/500，而是视力。因此此处it使用错误  3、代词不优先指代出现在前面介词短语或插入语中的名词