水蒸汽蒸馏与萃取与洗涤.pptVIP

* Steam distillation 1. Purpose 1.1 Study the principle and methods of Steam Distillation used for purifing organic liquids. 1.2 Grasp the techniques of steam distillation. 2. Principle Steam distillation, one of the immiscible（不溶的） phases being water, is one of the most commonly used methods of separating and purifying liquids. In this method, steam is passed into the immiscible and volatile liquid in the distillation flask, and then the water and organic compound co-distill（共沸）, condense in the condenser, and are collected in the normal way. According to the law of partial pressure, the total vapor pressure （蒸气压）above the mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the pure individual components. B p Is the vapor pressure of the immiscible organic compound. In the distillate（馏出液）, the weight ration of organic compound mB and mH2O can be expressed as in equation: = Steam distillation is applicable to the following situations: A high boiling-point organic compound which decompose at its boiling point. A mixture containing in organic salts or other organic solids, not suitable for distillation,filtraion and extraction. A mixture containg large amounts of resin-like nearly intractable substances or nonvolatile impurities which is hard to isolate or purify in any other way. In order for steam distillation to be feasible, the substances to be purified should have these characteristics: Insoluble or immiscible in water. No reaction with water when co-boiling. Having a certain vapor pressure at 100 ℃, 665Pa 3. Procedure Figure1 Typical Apparatus for steam distillation 图1 水蒸气蒸馏装置 Boing chips One –third NOTES In order to avoid filling with condensed water in the three-neck flask during distillation,heat the flask with a small flame to make the on-going distillation proceed more quickly. Before end the steam distillation, open the T tube clamp first, then remove the heat source, disassemble the apparatus, in turn. Avoid letting the liquid form the flask back up into the