赞比亚地质报告英文版.docVIP

3 Geology 地质 3. 1 Introduction 说明 Zambia comprises a number of geologically diverse terrains ranging from stable Archaean and early Proterozoic cratons to structurally complex “mobile belts” and younger cover rocks, and it is this diversity which creates the considerable exploration potential of the country. The geological complexities and multiple tectono-thermal events evident in Zambia are due, in large pan, to the country’s unique geographic location between three major cratons, the massive Kasai Craton to the west and the Zimbabwe-Kaapvaal (‘Kalahari’) and Tanzania cratons to the south and north respectively (Duane and Saggerson, l993; Unrug, 1996) (Figure 6). Inter-cratonic dislocations and the buttressing effects of these stable blocks have exerted considerable control on the geological evolution of the country. As a result, the stratigraphic record is far from complete but it is reviewed briefly below and subsequently major tectono-thermal events and structural domains are considered. Historically, and perhaps not surprisingly, most geological studies have focused on the Copperbelt, and much information from these studies has appeared in scientific journals as well as the geological reports produced by the Geological Survey Department. 赞比亚是一个地质多样化国家，从稳定的太古代和早期的Proterozoic克拉通到结构复杂的“移动带”以及新近的覆盖岩都有分布，正是这种多样性使得这个国家具有相当大的开发潜力。地质复杂性和多重地壳热运动事件造成了这个国家在三个主要克拉通（到西部的大Kasai克拉通，南部的津巴布韦-kalahari克拉通，北部的坦桑尼亚克拉通）的独特地理位置（图6）。这三个稳定地块之间的内部作用变形和支撑影响对这个国家的地质变化起到了相当大的控制作用。因此，目前的地层记录还远未完成，但是下部以及其后的主要地壳热运动事件和构造范围已被粗略的认识到。从历史上来看，也许毫不出人意料的，大部分的地质工作主要是集中在铜带，而且很多的这些成果也已经出现在了科学期刊以及地质调查局的地质报告当中。 Considerable advances have been made in the last decade or so towards unravelling the geological complexities of the various terrains in Zambia but a comprehensive understanding of the overall geological evolution is an objective yet to be achieved. Nevertheless, it is these very complexities and uncertainties, which offer the potential for new conceptual exploration models that may lead to the di