Week 4 翻译的标准过程与译员素质.pptVIP

Lecture 2 基本译学概念 2.1 翻译的标准 2.2 翻译的过程 2.3 译者应当具备的素养 2.1 翻译的标准(criteria of Translation ) 1.3.Criteria of translation Criteria of translation is the plumb-line for measuring the quality of a translation and the goal for a translator to strive for. 1) Source-language–oriented principle(以译出语为取向的原则). Characteristics: pay extreme attention to the form of the source text, always adopts a word-for-word / line-for-line translation or transliteration. e.g. 他是只纸老虎 He is a paper tiger. 这事让他丢脸 This makes him lose face. it rains cats and dogs (?) the Milky Way (?) the apple of one’s eye (?) 2) Target-language-oriented principle (以译入语为取向的原则) Liberal / free translation: e.g.: What is done is done. 木已成舟 Kicking a man when he is down. 打落水狗/落井下石 Liberal translation: using large number of domestication / adaptation for the reader’s sake. This is done at the cost of the loss or damage of the original image sometimes. 三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮 Two heads are better than one. 3) Author- and – reader-oriented principle (以作者和读者为取向的原则) Characteristics: take both the author and the reader into consideration, and strive to be faithful and smooth at the same time. 18世纪英国爱丁堡大学教授，翻译理论家泰特勒(Alexander F. Tytler)提出的三条翻译基本原理： 1. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. 3. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. “译作应完全复写出原作的思想、译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质、译作应具备原作所具有的通顺”等翻译三原则。 玄奘: 既须求真又须喻俗 严复: (《天演论》卷首的《译例言》)　“信、达、雅”　( faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance ) Yan Fu’s “faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought. His “expressiveness” demands that the version must be clear and flowing witho