系统解剖学课件---附肢骨.pptVIP

The Bones of Limbs 附 肢 骨;目的和要求;The appendicular skeleton(附肢骨）;Bones of upper limbs（上肢骨）; Clavicle （锁骨）;上面观; The weakest part of the clavicle is at the junction of the middle and lateral thirds;Scapula （肩胛骨）;Three borders:; Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space Lateral: glenoid cavity关节盂 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节;;; ;Shaft: 1.deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆 on lateral surface 2.a sulcus for radial nerve 桡神经沟 on posterior surface (肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引起垂腕);capitulum 肱骨小头 Trochlea 肱骨滑车 coronoid fossa 冠突窝 radial fossa 桡窝 olecranon fossa 鹰嘴窝 lateral and medial epicondyles内、外上髁 sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟;Radius ( 桡骨);Fracture of the distal end of the radius ;Ulnar 尺骨;;Carpal bones 腕骨(8) :(lateral to medial) 舟月三角豆;大小头状钩 Metacarpal bones掌骨(5): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 head (distally) 头 Phalanges of fingers 指骨(14): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 trochlea of phalanx (distally) 滑车 ;Bones of Lower Limb;three components: ilium 髂骨 Ischium 坐骨 pubis 耻骨;; Ala of ilium 髂骨翼 iliac crest 髂嵴 anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘 anterior inferior iliac spine 髂前下棘 tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘 posterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘 greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹 iliac fossa 髂窝 arcuate line弓状线; The ischium (坐骨) Body of ischium 坐骨体 to form posterior and inferior 2/5 of acetabulum ischial spine坐骨棘 lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹 Ramus of ischium 坐骨支 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节;;Acetabulum (髋臼) formed by bodies of ischium, ilium and pubis Lunate surface 月状面 acetabular fossa 髋臼窝 acetabular notch 髋臼切迹;;; ;femoral head 股骨头 fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹 neck of femur 股骨颈（易骨折） greater trochanter 大转子 lesser trochanter 小转子 intertrochanteric line 转子间线 intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴;Fracture of the femoral neck;linea aspera 粗线 glute