细胞信号转导英文版课件.ppt

细胞信号转导英文版;When environment changes: ; ; ; ;Signaling molecules; ; 1. Extracellular molecules; (1) Paracrine signaling  (local chemical mediators);(2) Endocrine signal; (3) Synaptic signal (neurotransmitters) ;(4) Gaseous signal;　　; (5) Autocrine signal; 2. Intracellular molecule;Second messenger: ;Third messengers:;Effect by membrane receptors; ;Receptor ;ligand　 A small molecule that binds specifically to a larger one; for example, a hormone is the ligand for its specific protein receptor. ; ; (1) Ligand-gate ion channels type (cyclic receptor) ligand→receptor→ion channel open or close ;; ; ;1) 7-helices transmembrane receptor ; ; G protein refers to any protein which binds to GDP or GTP and act as signal transduction. G proteins consist of three different subunits (?, ?, ?-subunit). ?-subunit carries GTPase activity, binding and hydrolysis of GTP.; ; Gs→ ?s→AC→cAMP↑ 　Gi→ ?i→AC→cAMP↓ 　Gq→ ?q →PI-PLC→IP3+DAG 　Go→ ?o→ion channel Gt→ ?t →cGMP PDE→cGMP→ Rhodopsin;;Glucagon ?-adrenaline →?s →AC↑ ACTH ?-adrenaline angiotensin Ⅱ acetylcholine(M2 M4) GF release inhibitory factor; 　; ;Pertussis toxin ?i -ADP-ribosylation Gi AC↑ allergy of histamine; AC cGMP PDE (phosphodiesterase） PLC PLA2 Channel protein; ; ;5) Pathway of G protein linked receptor;(3) Single transmembrane α-helix receptor ;;Tyrosine protein kinase Receptor or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ;Intracellular insulin effects;Non-receptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) ;Domain of Downstream molecules of TPKR ;;Membrane receptor –ANP Soluble receptor – NO, CO;; 2. Intracellular receptor (transcription regulated receptor);; 3. Properties of binding of H and R; 4. Control of receptor activity;(1) Recognize the special ligand (2) Binding to special ligand (3) Signal transduction biological effect; ; Signal transduction mediated by membrane receptor;1. cAMP dependent-protein kinase