分离工程答疑.docx

Physical adsorption Chemisorption Weak, Long Range Action Van der Waals (dispersion force 色散力…) Strong, Short Range Action Chemical bonds Surface Specificity no Surface Specificity yes DHads = 5 50 kJ rnol-1 DHads = 50 ..... 500 kJ mol-1 Occurs quickly Be slow and irreversible Multilayer adsorption BET adsorption isotherm Monolayer adsorption Langmuir adsorption isotherm The materials used for sorbing the solutes are known as adsorbents. Activated Carbons Zeolites Silica Gel Activated Alumina The inside phase of an ion exchange resin system contains 4 necessary components: 1 ? A 3-dimensional polymeric network 2? Ionic functional groups permanently attached to this network Counter-ions A solvent State the 4 operation mechanisms of flocculation. L Compressed double-electroy layer Electric neutralization Absorbtive bridge theories sweeping and net capturing Name the 3 basic types of liquid membranes There are 3 basic types of liquid membranes 一 the Bulk Liquid Membrane, the Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) and the Immobilized Liquid Membrane (ILM), also called a Supported Liquid Membrane. Name the 4 types of membrane modules? Plate-and-frame Tubular Spiral-wound Hollow fiber What is the Crystallization? Crystallization is the process of formation of solid crystals from a solution or melt, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs. State the 3 steps of Crystallization process. Formation of supersaturated solution Nucleation: the step where the solute molecules dispersed in the solvent start to gather into clusters and constitute the nuclei. Crystal growth: the subsequent growth of the nuclei that succeed in achieving the critical cluster size. State the procedure for recrystallization. Dissolve all the compound in minimum amount of hot solvent. Filter the solution when it is hot. Slowly cool the solution to room temperature; then keep on ice bath? Filter the crystals, wash it with minimum amount of cold solvent.