todo、doing和done作补语的比较.docVIP

to do、doing和done作补语的比较 一、在 介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 with+宾+done，表示宾语与 过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或无时间性； with+宾+doing，表示宾语与 现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行； with+宾+to do，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的 不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如： 1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______behind his back. (全国卷) A. being tied? B. having tied C. to be tied? D. tied 【分析】答案选D。his hand与tie是被动关系，且带进时应己捆绑好了，表示“被动、完成”用 过去分词作宾补。 2. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海春) A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled 【分析】答案选C。由语境可知，问题还没有解决，用 不定式指将来的动作。 3. Peter soon fell asleep with the light still （burn）. 【分析】彼得很快睡着了，灯仍然亮着。burning表示持续进行。 其宾语后可用分词或 不定式的4个动词 在leave, want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接 doing、 done或to do。现分述如下： ①leave…doing让…一直(主动、持续进行)； leave…to do让…去做(主动、将来)； leave…done(被动)。如： 1）Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷) A. run B. running C. being run? D. to run 【分析】答案选B。the water与run是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用 现在分词作宾补。 2）Leave the door firmly （fasten）让门紧闭着; 3）Leave her (do) as she likes让她去做她喜欢做的事。 KEY: fastened、to do ②want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)； want sb. to do要某人做某事； want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。如： 1）I don’t want you (arrive) late. 2）I want the letter (open) now. 3）The boss wanted his workers (finish) the job by Friday. KEY: arriving/(to be) opened/ to finish ③get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…doing使…处于某一状态中(主动、持续); get…done=have sth. done请人做 / 遭受(被动)。如： 1)I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (上海卷) A. see B. seeing C. to see D. for seeing 【分析】答案选C。get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。请比较： 2)The teacher got the children talking.让孩子说起话来；get the computer repaired将电脑送去修理；get his wrist broken折断了手腕。 ④have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态； have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)； have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。如： 1. She had her audience listening attentively. 他使观众听得入神。 2. He didn’t keep on asking me the time