高一人教版英语知识点总结.docxVIP

高一人教版英语知识点总结 【一】 一. 直接引语和间接引语 ( 一) 直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语 ; 用自己话转述别人的话， 叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等实行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词 said, asked 等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就 是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在实行时变为过去实行时，等等。 例如： Tom said to me, “My brother is doing his homework. ” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根 据意义实行相对应的变化，例如： She asked Jack, “Where have you been? ” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “These books are mine. ” →He said that those books were his. ( 二) 直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句 的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语 如果是一般疑问句，用连接词 whether 或 if; 如果是特殊疑问句，则用 疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用间接宾语 me, him, her, us 等。如：  asked，能够在其后加上一个 She said,  “Is your father at home?  ” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday? ”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原 形变为带 to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气 ( 即请求或 命令 ) 加上 ask, tell, order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加 not 。其句型为： ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如： She said to us, “Please sit down. ” →She asked us to sit down. He said to him, “Go away!” →He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys. ” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. . 各种时态的被动语态被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如： They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语 是谓语动作的承受者，例如： The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词 be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下： 1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 例如： Rice is planted in the south of China. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 例如： These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如： A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在实行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如： Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去实行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时 have/has + bee