初中英语复习资料-语法及要点总结.docVIP

中学英语要点汇总 1.宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？ eq \o\ac(○,1) 在动词后作宾语(动宾): Do you know where he comes from? 划线部分是动词know的宾语. eq \o\ac(○,2).在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语: He asked me when we would leave. 此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。 eq \o\ac(○,3)在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’s talk about how we solve this problem. eq \o\ac(○,4)在I’m sorry…, I’m afraid…, I’m sure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句. 宾语从句需注意的时态问题: eq \o\ac(○,1)主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。 He says (that) he will have a walk soon. （soon指将来，从句用将来时） The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. （暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时） I want to know who came here late this morning. （今早已过去，从句用过去时） eq \o\ac(○,2)主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. eq \o\ac(○,3)无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. eq \o\ac(○,4)宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she) 2.状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题： eq \o\ac(○,1)主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。 You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. （主句有情态动词） Could you look after my son after I leave home? （情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时） —1— I will go out as soon as it stops raining this afternoon. （ —1— Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. （主句是祈使句） eq \o\ac(○,2)而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如： I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars. When he got to the park, his classmates had left. My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. 3.定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 （以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。） She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind