copd英文留学生授课内科学.pptx

Chronic Bronchitis;Chronic Bronchitis;Pathogenesis;Chronic inflammation Hypertrophy hyperplasia of bronchial glands that secrete mucus Increase number of goblet cells Cilia are destroyed;Inflammatory Cells;Macrophages;Chronic Bronchitis-pathological section;Narrowing of airway ?airflow resistance ?work of breath;Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology;Clinical manifestation ;Clinical manifestation ;Diagnosis ;Emphysema;Definition;Etiology ;Emphysema: Pathophysiology;Loss of Lung Surface Area for Gas Exchange and Oxygen Transport Loss of Lung Surface area is due to death of Lung Endothelial Cells Cigarette Smoke and Environmental Pollution may cause endothelial cell death ;Pathology feature ; Severe destruction of small airways can lead to the formation of large air pockets-known as bullae-that replace lung tissue. This form of disease is called bullous emphysema;Dissection;A lateral chest x-ray of a person with emphysema. Note the barrel chest and flat diaphragm;CT image of the lung of a person with bullous emphysema.;Types of Emphysema;In centrilobular emphysema, respiratory bronchioles are selectively and dominantly involved.;In panacinar emphysema, the enlargement and destruction of air space involve the acinus more or less uniformly.;emphysema is only a description of lung changes rather than a disease itself;Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD);What is COPD?;Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD;What is COPD?; COPD is a type of obstructive lung disease in which chronic incompletely reversible poor airflow (airflow limitation) and inability to breathe out fully (air trapping) exist. The poor airflow is the result of breakdown of lung tissue (known as emphysema) and small airways disease (known as obstructive bronchiolitis). The relative contributions of these two factors vary between people.;Relationship of COPD and Chronic bronchitis, Asthma or Emphysema;Why COPD is Important ?;;Economics;;Risk Fac