环境科学概论教学课件（第三讲）.ppt

广东工业大学 环境科学与工程学院 * CHAPTER THREE Kinds of Ecosystems and Communities OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize the difference between primary and secondary succession. Describe the process of succession from pioneer to climax community in both terrestrial and aquatic situations. Associate typical plants and animals with the various terrestrial biomes. Recognize the physical environmental factors that determine the kind of climax community that will develop. Differentiate the forest biomes that develop based on temperature and rainfall. Describe the various kinds of aquatic ecosystems and the factors that determine their characteristics. * Succession The communities proceed through a series of recognizable, predictable changes in structure over time is called succession. Primary Succession Primary succession is a successional progression that begins with a total lack of organisms and bare mineral surfaces or water. Terrestrial Primary Succession Aquatic Primary Succession Secondary Succession An original community is destroyed and replaced by an new community, this progress is called secondary succession. * Community: is an assemblage of all the interacting populations of different species of organisms in an area. Climax community: The relatively stable, long-lasting community is called climax community. * A pioneer organism ：Lichen * Terrestrial primary succession * Aquatic primary succession * Most aquatic ecosystems are considered temporary (except ocean). * Secondary Succession * Biomes: Major Types of Terrestrial Climax Communities The effect of elevation on climate and vegetation Deserts: A lack of water is the primary factor that determines that an area will be desert. Deserts are areas that generally receive fewer than 25 centimeters of precipitation per year. Grassland: Grasslands, also known as prairies or steppes, are widely distributed over temperate parts of