环境科学概论教学课件（第一讲）.ppt

* Recycling Economy is an example to adopt ecosystem approach, which is now being spread all over the world. Recycling economy is a new economic model, which is a complicated large scale system being composed of subsystems such as ecological environment, economy, society. The essence of recycling economy is ecological economy. * A model of recycling economy *  No region is free of environmental concerns. We present a number of regional vignettes in America to illustrate the complexity and interrelatedness of environmental issues. 4 Regional environmental concerns To illustrate the interrelated nature of environmental issues, we will look at several regions of North America and highlight some of the key features and issues of each. * * 4.1 The Wideness North characteristic: wilderness--areas with minimal human influence.  Much of this land is owned by governments, not by individuals, so government policies have a large effect on what happens in these regions. 4.2 The Agricultural Middle characteristic: intensive agriculture. Original, natural ecosystems have been replaced by managed agricultural enterprise. nonpoint pollution sources (pollution that does not have an easily identified point of origin).4.3 The Dry West characteristic: inadequate rainfall, land is of low economic value, most of it is still the property of government.Population density is low, much of the land has a wilderness character. * 4.4 The Forested West characteristic: sufficient rainfall, coniferous forests are the dominant vegetation. Since most of these areas are not suitable for farmland, they have been maintained as forests with some grazing activity in the more open forests.  timber cutting . Environmental interests are concerned about the consequences logging would have on organisms that require mature, old-growth forests for their surviv