传热学8-NaturalConvection-2010.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Natural Convection Chapter 8 Natural Convection Contents 8-1 Physical Mechanism of Natural Convection 8-2 Natural Convection over Surfaces 8-3 Natural Convection inside Enclosures 8-4 Combined Natural and Forced Convection Summary Correlations for the average Nusselt number Nu for various types of enclosures 1. Horizontal Rectangular Enclosures 8-3 Natural Convection Inside Enclosures for air or other gases with 0.5Pr2: for water, silicone oil, mercury: 2. Vertical Rectangular Enclosures 8-3 Natural Convection Inside Enclosures for enclosures with smaller aspect ratios (H/L): for enclosures with larger aspect ratios : 1H/L2 any Prandtl number RaLPr/(0.2+Pr)103 10H/L40 any Prandtl number RaL1010 10H/L40 1Pr2x104 104RaL107 1H/L40 1Pr20 106RaL109 The rate of heat transfer through the enclosure: When the Nusselt number is known, the rate of heat transfer through the enclosure can be obtained by 8-3 Natural Convection Inside Enclosures Effective Thermal Conductivity 8-3 Natural Convection Inside Enclosures As a result of convection currents, the fluid in an enclosure behaves like a fluid whose thermal conductivity is kNu. effective thermal conductivity of the enclosure When Nu=1, keff = k ? pure conduction EXAMPLE 8-1 Heat Loss through a Double-Pane Window The vertical 0.8-m-high, 2-m-wide double-pane window shown in right figure consists of two sheets of glass separated by a 2-cm air gap at atmospheric pressure. If the glass surface temperatures across the air gap are measured to be 12oC and 2oC, determine the rate of heat transfer through the window. * Definition Natural convection: the fluid motion occurs by natural means such as buoyancy. Characters: The fluid velocities associated with natural convection are low(not noticeable), typically under 1 m/s. CHAPTER 8 Natural Convection Applications of natural heat transfer: cooling of electronic equipment such as power transistors, TVs, and VCRs; heat transfer from electric baseboard he