太湖富营养化现状及原因分析-湖泊科学.pdf

J. Lake Sci.(湖泊科学), 2008, 20(1): 21-26 . E-mil: jlakes@ ©2008 by Journal of Lake Sciences 太湖富营养化现状及原因分析* 朱广伟 ( 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京 210008) 摘 要: 根据 2005-2006 年太湖湖泊生态系统研究站的监测结果, 结合历史监测记录, 评价了近 5 年来太湖富营养化的趋势. 结果显示, 从 2000 年以来, 太湖的富营养化状况有加重趋势. 主要表现在: 1) 与历史监测资料对比, 近 5 年来无论梅梁湾还 是湖心区, 夏季水体 TN 、TP 含量均呈增高趋势, 如 1992-2001 年, 太湖湖心区夏季 (6-8 月份)水体 TN 的平均值为 1.706 mg/L (范围 1.238-2.266 mg/L), 而 2002-2006 这 5 年间该平均值为 2.344 mg/L (范围 1.924-2.717 mg/L), 明显高于前 10年(p = 0.005), 另外, 同期湖心区夏季的水体透明度则明显下降(1992-2001 年夏季平均值为 0.63 m, 而 2002-2006 年则为 0.34 m, p = 0.003 ); 2) 从野外调查看, 太湖夏季水华暴发的范围越来越大, 从 2000 年以前的梅梁湾、竺山湾及部分湖西区为主, 发展到 2006 年 的整个西太湖, 夏季暴发水华的面积占太湖总面积的一半以上, 且一年中出现水华的时间越来越长, 水华出现的频率越来越 高, 微囊藻水华为特征的藻型生态系统在大太湖似乎越来越稳定; 3) 近年来太湖沉水植物分布区的面积有所下降. 研究表明, 太湖近年来富营养化的现状不容乐观, 原因可能与近几年异常的气候和水文条件有关, 也可能与水草区的不断破坏而减弱了 微囊藻水华的生态竞争有关, 应引起有关部门重视. 关键词: 太湖; 富营养化; 营养状态指数; 微囊藻水华; 长期监测; 浅水湖泊 Eutrophic status and causing factors for a large, shallow and subtropical Lake Taihu, China ZHU Guangwei (Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R .China) Abstract: As the third largest freshwater lakes of China and seriously suffered by Microcystis algal bloom in recent 20 years, Lake Taihu’s eutrophic status had been analyzed based on the monthly monitoring data in recent 5 years. The analysis indicated that eutrophication of Lake Taihu became more and more serious since 2000. Comparing to the mean values in recent 5 years, the water quality variables like total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and transparency, water quality of Lake Taihu were worse than that between 1991 and 2001. The summer mean of TN between 2002 and 2006 was significantly higher than that of between 1992 and 2001 (p = 0.005). And the transparency mean of summer of 2002-2006 in center