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041 – Nonmainstream areas play vital rile Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science. 一些非主流的领域，如占星、算命以及通灵和超自然在社会中扮演着至关重要的角色，它们满足了人们的那些主流科学满足不了的需要。 Disagree with concession 1、Admittedly, 解释主流思想无法解释的问题。也是人类对未知事物的探索。占星学的问题。Prevalent for centuries. 2、心理安慰psychological solace in life。人类自身命运的问题shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themsilves. 3、Despite their merit in relieving some individuals from regret and fear for unknown future, many of these non-mainstream areas are acutally harmful to the whole society. undue belief in some paranormal energy may then develop into cult邪教组织: the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives. 4, 它们不是永远保持这样的地位，而是会被科学所否定，或上升为科学 Neverhteless, we cannot rule out the possibility that such non-mainstream areas may be justified one day when convincing evidence is found. For example, some reasonable — yet unjustified—explanations have been brought forward that people reported with psychic power—if they actually do—may be so because of special receptor in their brain that catches brain wave from others and interpret them as extrasensory perceptions. Another could-be example is the theory of psycho-analysis originated by the Austrian scholar Sigmund Frued, in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and conflicts, has been doubted by mainstream scientists since the day it was brought up. 094 – Courses outside the students’ field truth of education Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educa