早期儒家的跟谐观资料.pdfVIP

早期儒家的“和谐”观 程兆奇 提要：本文通过《论》《孟》等早期儒家文献论述了儒家思想的和谐特色和儒家的和谐主张 本身。认为儒家对人与天地万物的关系的思考，尤其是对人际关系常与变的思考有伴随人类 社会的永久价值；认为儒家为人类规划的理想社会，在经过二十世纪各种实验的兴奋和沮丧， 对结果公平、实质公平失去信心后，更显出了它的光彩。坚信如果人类有更高的自觉，迟早 会体会到儒家的思考和主张比所有未行的设想和已行的制度——包括现在世界上声势最大 的一人一票的票选体制——对未来和谐社会的贡献更大。 As is well known, Confucianism is characterized by its emphasis on “harmony.” How this idea is presented in early Confucian texts, and what it really means; these questions are that which are expounded in this article, according to which, the Confucian thinking on the relationship between mankind and all other things in the universe and especially the relationship among human beings are of eternal importance as long as there are human communities. It may be said that mankind in the twentieth century has lost its belief in equality, whether substantial or formal, as a result of a series of experiments, which were aimed at a utopian society and accompanied with much excitement at first but finally left with nothing but despair. Against this backdrop the idea of moral community espoused by Confucian thinkers becomes more and more enlightening. This author is convinced that if mankind has more self-consciousness earlier or later it will understand that the Confucian thinking is able to make more contributions to the future harmonious society than any other ideal or idea, including the most popular one in today’s world, namely, the one-person-one-vote system. 关键词：以人为本 顺乎人性 自我完善 推己及人 和谐 大同理想 “和谐”二字，最近成了时议的热谈，有人出于“与人为善”的好意，认为“和谐”不 仅在古来中国的价值世界居于主流的地位，而且在实践中也颇有可以借鉴的前例。的确，因 为关乎大到国家民族小到个体生命的安泰，“和谐”的意识从切身利害就能自然生发，因此 传统资源中留下了不少“和谐”的议论。但纵观人类走过的历程，我们也不能不承认，真正 当得上“和谐”的生态环境——不论是“人文”抑或自然——迄今未见。比如古往今来的政 权更迭，藐不可考的上古“黄金时代”不说，手段从来都是“打天下”，所谓“伐无道”“禅 让”不过是明攘暗夺的饰词而已。但这不是说“和谐”无关紧要，相反，人类历史之所以各 种灾难常见而承平之世难得，至少在一定程度上就是因为“和谐”没有成为当权者真正致力 的目标。时至二十一世纪的今天，当建设“和谐社会”终于汇为朝野的心声，人类对“和谐” 的向往或可应一句旧话：“否极”终将“泰来”。 我们的课题1是发掘传统中的“和谐”资源，我受命承担的