2019-2020同步外研英语选修七新突破讲义：Module+5+Section+Ⅲ　Grammar——过去分词作状语和短语动词和答案.docVIP

PAGE Section Ⅲ　Grammar——过去分词作状语和短语动词 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 ①Seen from above，the old town is a maze of canals，little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in. ②Not invited，he became very disappointed. ③Completely rebuilt，the town would not be so interesting. ④Beaten by the opposite team，we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other. ⑤Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter. ⑥The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. ⑦Can you try to get them to bring down the price？ ⑧Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. 1.句①～⑤中黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随。 2.根据句②可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在分词前加not。 3.句⑥～⑧的黑体部分是短语动词，分别由动词＋介词、动词＋副词、动词＋副词＋介词构成。 一、过去分词(短语)作状语 1．定义 及物动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成的意义，功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。 (1)过去分词作时间状语时，可转换为when，while，after或before引导的时间状语从句。 Asked(＝When she was asked)her future plans，the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. 当问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。 (2)过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。 Frightened(＝Because/As she was frightened)by the tiger，the girl didnt dare to sleep alone. 因为被老虎吓着了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 (3)过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if，unless或once等引导的条件状语从句。 Grown(＝If these seeds are grown)in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given(＝If we were given)more time，we could do it better. 如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。 [名师点津]　 此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理。 (4)过去分词作让步状语时，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Left(＝Although he was left)at home，John didnt feel afraid at all.虽然John被单独留在家里，(但是)他一点都不害怕。 (5)过去分词作状语表示伴随、方式或状态时，不能转换为状语从句，但是可转换为并列谓语或并列分句。 The teacher entered the classroom，followed(＝and he was followed)by a group of students. 老师进入教室，后面跟着一群学生。 (6)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；也可以转换为并列结构。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. ＝He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 (7)过去分词作结果状语(相当于结果状语从句)。 He failed in the competition，blamed by his companions.＝He failed in the competition，so that he was blamed by his companions. 他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责