东南大学基础英语与写作2004答案考研真题／考研试卷／笔记讲义／.docVIP

东南大学 2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 试题编号：318　　　　试题名称：基础英语与写作 Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension (50 points) 真题1（东南大学2004年研）Directions: Below each of the following passages, you will find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes each statement or answers each question in accordance with the meaning of the passage. On your answer sheet, blacken the letter A, B, C or D for the answer you choose. Passage 1 In the 1350s poor countrymen began to have cottages and gardens which they could call their own. Were these fourteenth-century peasants, then, the originators of the cottage garden? Not really: the making and planting of small mixed gardens had been pioneered by others, and the cottager had at least two good examples which he could follow. His garden plants might and to some extent did come from the surrounding countryside, but a great many came from the monastery gardens. As to the general plan of the small garden, in so far as it had one at all, that had its origin not in the country, but in the town. The first gardens to be developed and planted by the owners or tenants of small houses, town cottages as it were, were almost certainly those of the suburbs of the free cities of Italy and Germany in the early Middle Ages. Thus the suburban garden, far from being a descendant of the country cottage garden, is its ancestor; and older, in all probability, by about two centuries. On the face of it a paradox, in fact this is really logical enough; it was in such towns that there first emerged a class of man who was free and who, without being rich, owned his own small house: a craftsman or tradesman protected by his guild from the great barons, and from the petty ones too. Moreover, it was in the towns, rather than in the country, where the countryside provided herbs and even wild vegetables, that men needed to cultivate pot-herbs and salads. I