希腊欧洲文化-公开课件（讲义）.pptVIP

各位同学 Good Evening! 中国文化的轮廓 1. 中国思想之源 老子庄子孔子孟子 荀子 墨子 孙子等 2. 中国的宗教 道教 佛教 及三教合一的平等精神 3. 中国的执政理念与政治文化遗产—中央集权 4. 中国的教育与科举制度 5. 中国的历史概要. 6. 中国的历法,节气与生肖 7. 中国的中医与阴阳五行 8. 中国的篆刻,书法,绘画 9. 中国的文学,艺术和京剧 10.中国科技史 中国文化系列讲座之一 1.The Source of China’s Thoughts and Philosophy By 张小钢 老子Laozi约571_471BC a关于 “道” Dao or Way 道 可 道 ， 非 常 道 ； 名 可 名 ， 非 常 名 。 1.1. The Tao that can be trodden is not the enduring and unchanging Tao. The name that can be named is not the enduring and unchanging name. 道 可 道 ， 非 常 道 ； 名 可 名 ， 非 常 名 。 无 名 ， 天 地 之 始 ； 有 名 ， 万 物 之 母 。 1.2. (Conceived of as) having no name, it is the Originator of heaven and earth; (conceived of as) having a name, it is the Mother of all things. 道法自然 The Dao(Way) Follows Nature Dao is Nature itself; and Nature itself is Dao. (logos, reason 自然本因或法则) Dao must follow the laws of nature. Hence one must “obey the laws of Nature and follow human desire” (遵天道,随人愿) B二元辩证法与一元的道的统一 天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已。皆知善之为善，斯不善已。 有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。恒也 All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is; they all know the skill of the skilful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the want of skill is. 和圣经比较 Cf. God’s Forbidden Fruit of Consciousness which might enable you to differ from right from wrong, good from evil. C无为而治Do Nothing in Ordering Your State 是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教；万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而不居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。  Therefore the sage manages affairs without doing anything, and conveys his instructions without the use of speech. 2.4. All things spring up, and there is not one which declines to show itself; they grow, and there is no claim made for their ownership; they go through their processes, and there is no expectation (of a reward for the results). The work is accomplished, and there is no resting in it (as an achievement). The work is done, but how no one can see; Tis this that makes the power not cease to be.  不尚贤，使民不争；不贵难得之货，使民不为盗；不见可欲，使民心不乱。 是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨