某企业内部顾问培训(英文)之一.pptVIP

 Barrier Characterization Using Cause Effect Diagrams  Cause and Effect Diagrams “Fishbones” TCT uses cause and effect diagrams (Fishbones) to generate cause, effect, and substitute process diagrams. Use the following procedure: 1. Define the effect - this is attached to the “spine”. 2. Show the major causes as “bones” below the spine. 3. Show the corresponding substitute processes as “bones” above the spine. (There will be occasions when two or more barriers will have the same substitute process.) 4. Show the culture constraints as opposing double arrow (if applicable). The causes help characterize the effect, some are symptoms and some are barriers. Work symptoms backwards until you reach the root cause or primary cause for the barrier.  Fishbone The Fishbone Diagram can be used for two different purposes. First, to arrive at root cause barriers and their related substitute processes by repeating the question, “Why?”. Second, to organize brainstormed lists of causes (usually business process and culture), substitute processes, and culture constraints for a high ranking barrier you wish to remove.  The Cause and Substitute Process Diagram Substitute Process Substitute Process Substitute Process Possible Cause Possible Cause Possible Cause State the Effect Effect - An event that occurs as a result of a cause Contributing factor to cause Reason contributing factor occurs  Which Barriers Do We Attack First? After identifying all relevant barriers: Make first-pass estimate of impact on cycle time of each. Identify who must make removal effort: Individual or Subject Matter Group (for example: IT) Barrier Removal Team (BRT) Some level of management Make first-pass estimate of difficulty of removal of each. Identify any expert help that may be needed. Rank-order of attack; target “low-hanging fruit” first. Limit to 2-3 the number of barriers the team targets at one time. Barrier I.D. Removal ProcessFor Identifying Addressing Root Causes Brainst