IT考试知识点回顾.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 师徒交流用版本… Chapter1 1 Information Processing Phases: （收集和转换）Input: Collection and conversion of data for processing. （计算分类整理总结）Processing: Performs work on data – calculating, classifying, sorting, and summarizing. （编制出人类看得懂的东西）Output: Preparation of processed information into a form acceptable for analysis. Output: An effective information system will inform management when results deviate from predetermined goals. Feedback is necessary for operational control. An information system may be composed of many subsystems where the output of one subsystem often becomes the input into another. （存储）Storage: After data is processed, then is commonly stored. Operations need to accumulate historical statistics and financial totals for accounting purposes and to guage performance. 2 computer components Input Devices： Keyboard – Most widely used device for entering text and information. Mouse – Used in conjunction with the keyboard. Touch screen– Popular input device used in various hospitality environments (e.g., restaurants). Voice Recognition– Used to book hotel rooms. A voice portal allows customers to access information from Web using a voice browser. Automatic speech recognition connects a user directly to the Web with voice prompts without a personal or handheld computer.（语音门户，用户可以用语音来访问网页） Pen-based – Used to enter for various hospitality applications (e.g., entering a food order) on PDAs using a pen-like stylus. Other types of wireless handhelds can operate by single or multi-touch.（用触笔在掌上电脑上下菜单） Scanners and Bar-Code Readers – Used to identify luggage and inventory items.（扫描仪+条形码…鉴别行李库存的最佳选择） Radio-Frequency Identification – Used to provide hotel guests with keyless entry into hotel rooms. （无线电频率识别，客户进客房不用钥匙） Biometrics – Uses a person’s physical traits to restrict access to physical locations, equipment, and computer systems. （生物识别技术…间谍片里比比皆是） CPU （中央处理器…不解释…注意记住简写的全称就行了）Central Processing Unit – The heart of the computer where data is processed.