基于GIS的雷电灾害监测预警研究.docVIP

PAGE 第 PAGE III 页 共 20 页 分类号：P457.9 U D C：D10621-408-（2009）0566-0 密 级：公 开 编 号：2005021025 学位论文 基于GIS的雷电灾害监测预警研究 论文作者姓名： 申请学位专业： 申请学位类别： 工学学士 指导教师姓名（职称）： 论文提交日期： 年 月 日 基于GIS的雷电灾害监测预警研究 摘 要 雷电是发生在大气中的瞬间放电过程。雷电灾害是联合国公布的“最严重的十种自然灾害之一”，我国每年因雷击造成的人员伤亡约为3000—4000人，财产损失估计在50—100亿元左右。历史经验表明，对雷电进行监测预警能够有效地减少雷电灾害。 与其它灾害性天气相比,雷电有发生时间短、频率高和影响范围广等特点。利用地理信息系统（GIS）强大的空间地理数据分析处理能力，能够更加有效地为雷电灾害监测预警工作提供决策支持。 本文研究了一种基于GIS的雷电灾害监测预警系统的设计与实现方法。利用在Visual Basic中添加MapX控件的方式设计雷电灾害监测预警系统，以已有的雷达回波资料为基础，从中提取出雷达回波强度和雷达回波顶高图像产品作为监测预报因子，利用图层叠加原理将雷达回波图像与实际地图相叠加，根据叠加后的图像分析监测各地对流天气的强度，判断是否有发生雷电灾害的可能，从而达到将GIS技术应用到雷电灾害监测预警的目的，努力探索GIS技术在雷电灾害监测预警方面的应用。 关键词：雷电；地理信息系统；监测预警；Visual Basic；MapX GIS-based Lightning disaster Monitoring and Early warning Research Abstract Lightning is the process of instantaneous discharge, which takes place in the atmosphere. Lightning is published one of the top ten disasters by the United Nations. Every year about 3000-4000 Chinese die from lightning and the property damage is about 50-100 billion. Historical experience shows that monitoring and early warning of lightning can reduce the lightning disasters effectively. Compared with other severe weather, lightning occurs in a short time with high frequency and impact of a wide range. Using the powerful geographic data analysis of geographic information systems (GIS) can be more effective to provide decision support for the lightning disaster monitoring and early warning. In this article, a method of designing a disaster monitoring and early warning system is described, based on GIS with Visual Basic and MapX. The system is on the base of the existing radar echo data, extracting the radar echo intensity and radar echo top height image products as monitoring factor. Then the system superposes the radar echo image on the actual map with the principle of layer superposition. After those, forecasters analyze the intensity of convective weather around and judge whether there is