南京航空航天大学matrixtheory双语矩阵论期末考试2015.docVIP

Part I (必做题，共5题，70分) 第1题（15分） 得分 Let denote the set of all real polynomials of degree less than 3 with domain（定义域） . The addition and scalar multiplication are defined in the usual way. Define an inner product on by . Construct an orthonormal basis for from the basis by using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. Let. Find the projection of onto the subspace spanned by{}. Solution: , , , , , (2) 第2题（15分） 得分 Let be the linear transformation on (the vector space of real polynomials of degree less than 3) defined by . (1) Find the matrix representing with respect to the ordered basis [] for . (2) Find a basis for such that with respect to this basis, the matrix B representing is diagonal. (3) Find the kernel（核） and range （值域）of this transformation. Solution: (1) (2) (The column vectors of T are the eigenvectors of A) The corresponding eigenvectors in are (T diagonalizes A) . With respect to this new basis , the representing matrix of is diagonal. (3) The kernel is the subspace consisting of all constant polynomials. The range is the subspace spanned by the vectors 第3题（20分） 得分 Let . Find all determinant divisors and elementary divisors of. Find a Jordan canonical form of . Compute . (Give the details of your computations.) Solution: (1) ,(特征多项式 . Eigenvalues are 1, 2, 2.) Determinant divisor of order , , Elementary divisors are . (2) The Jordan canonical form is (3) For eigenvalue 1, ， An eigenvector is For eigenvalue 2, , An eigenvector is Solve , we obtain that ,