辐射安全与防护基础知识（核技术）.ppt

* * Discus the main elements and purpose of the crawler equipment and where they may typically be used (onshore and offshore). Briefly discuss the potential accidents with this type of equipment and how vigilant operation is required. * * The Radiological Incident in Gilan IAEA Report 2002 During the night of 23–24 July 1996, industrial radiography was undertaken at the Gilan combined cycle fossil fuel power plant, situated 600 km north of Tehran. Welds on a boiler and pipes located at a height of 6 m above the plant floor were radiographed with a 185 GBq 192Ir source. At the end of the shift, at around 03:00 on 24 July 1996, the iridium source became detached from its drive cable, reportedly due to failure of the lock on the radiography container. This resulted in the source falling 6 m into a trench which was surrounded by a 1 m high wall made of concrete blocks. As the source was shielded by the concrete, its loss was not detected by the radiography team when they finished work and they assumed that it had been safely returned to its container, as usual. K.Z. was climbing up a ladder carrying heat insulation material when he noticed a shiny metallic object (the 192Ir source) lying in the trench. Once down the ladder, he picked up the source and put it in the right breast pocket of his coveralls. Over the next 1.5 h, K.Z. reportedly removed the source from his pocket to inspect it and then returned it to the pocket on a number of occasions. At around 09:30 he started to experience dizziness, nausea, lethargy and a burning feeling in his chest. Believing that the object was a possible cause of his symptoms, he put it back in the trench and then went to the workers’ rest room. Relate this type of injury to actual accidents that have happened, primarily through poor operator training, failure to use survey meters and other warning devices. * * A number of deaths have resulted from the radiation doses received following prolonged exposure to industrial radiogr