邳州市农村环境卫生健康危害因素的监测结果与分析.docxVIP

·监测分析· 邳州市农村环境卫生健康危害因素的监测结果与分析 张文远，刘成相，单勇 邳州市疾病预防控制中心，江苏 邳州 221300 摘要: 目的 了解和掌握邳州市农村环境卫生健康的危害因素，客观评价农村环境卫生状况，为制定农村环境卫生改 善规划提供科学依据。方法 按分层随机抽样的方法，抽取 60 个行政村为监测点，300 户家庭为监测户。通过访谈、现 场观察、实验室检测等方法获得监测数据，并填写统一调查表。结果 60 个监测点集中式供水覆盖 67． 50% 的人口;生 活垃圾以填埋为主(58． 33% ) ，生活污水、工业污水均为直接排放;卫生厕所占 56． 38% ，粪便处理以高温堆肥为主。入 户调查发现，鼠类密度(56． 00% ) 、蝇类密度较高(89． 33% );个人洗手习惯与饮水习惯较好。60 份土壤中未检测到活 的蛔虫卵，重金属监测符合环境质量一、二级标准。结论 邳州市农村垃圾、污水处理率低，环境卫生基础设施建设滞 后，环境卫生有待提高。土壤环境质量较好，要加强环境保护，防止污染。 关键词: 农村;环境卫生;健康危害因素;监测 中图分类号: X508 文献标识码: B 文章编号: 1004 － 8685(2014)20 － 2966 － 03 The monitoring results and analysis of environmental health hazards in rural areas of Pizhou ZHANG Wen － yuan，LIU Cheng － xiang，SHAN Yong Pizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Pizhou 221300，China Abstract: Objective Understand and grasp the environmental health hazard level in rural area of Pizhou． Environmental and health conditions in rural areas objective assessment． To provide scientific evidence for improving rural environmental sanitation planning． Methods According to the method of stratified random sampling，60 administrative villages were selected for monito- ring points，300 households for monitoring households． Through interviews，field observation，laboratory testing methods，obtain the monitoring data，and filled in the unified questionnaire． Ｒesults 60 monitoring points，centralized water supply covers 67． 50% of the population． Domestic waste to landfill ( 58． 33% )，domestic sewage，industrial wastewater are directly dis- charged． Sanitary latrines accounted for 56． 38% ，manure treatment was mainly in high temperature compost． Through house- hold survey，rodent density (56% ) and the density of flies density was higher (89． 33% ); personal washing hands and drink- ing water habit is good． Live ascaris eggs were not detected in 60 soil samples，heavy metal monitoring accorded with environ- mental quality standards level I，II． Conclusion Pizhou rural garbag