高中英语知识讲解 动词的ing形式作定语和状语.docVIP

PAGE 动词的ing形式作定语和状语 编稿：张桂琴 审稿：梁晓 概念引入 我们在前两个单元已经学习了动词-ing形式一些知识：动词-ing可以作主语、宾语，这时相当于名词；动词-ing形式可以作定语、表语，这时有时相当于名词，相当于形容词、副词；动词-ing形式可以作宾语补足语，这时是宾语所做的动作或所处的状态、特点等。本单元我们将复习动词-ing形式作定语，学习此形式作状语。看下面句子： Do you know the boy playing basketball? 你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩儿吗？ They lived in a house facing south. 他住在一所朝南的房里里 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿。 4. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好充分准备了，现在可以考试了。 句1、句2中的动词-ing形式作定语，用于修饰或限制所修饰的名词，即说明“什么样的人或物”。句3、句4是动词-ing形式作状语，说明句子的主语做谓语动作的时间（句3）和原因（句4）等。 语法讲解 动词-ing 形式作定语小结 1. 动词-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语是所修饰词。 sleeping students 正在睡觉的学生（sleep的动作是students做的） boiling water 沸水（“沸腾”的动作是水做的） a boring lesson 枯燥的课程（课程的特点是“使人枯燥”） 2. -ing形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行，此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途。 (1) a walking man =a man who is walking 一个走路的人 (2) a walking stick = a stick for walking 一支手杖 3. 单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。 the expert ing from London 伦敦来的专家 an opening speech 开幕词 a booking office 售票处 an exciting evening 激动人心的夜晚 4. 动词-ing形式作定语，常相当于一个定语从句。 They are visitors ing from several countries. （=who e from several countries） Three days later I received a letter offering me the job. (=which offered me the job) The girl standing there is my classmate. (=who stands there) 动词-ing形式作状语作用 1. 动词-ing形式作状语时，是现在分词。 2. 现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 3. 现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。 1）表时间 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. =When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 我走在街上时，遇到了一个老朋友。 Waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. =While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. 他等公共汽车时，读了一份《中国日报》。 2）表原因 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. =as he was ill, he didn’t go to school. 既然你是一个学生, 你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard. =Since you are a student, you should study hard. 由于想到它或许在家, 所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him. As I thought he might be at home, I ca