亚共晶高铬白口铸铁不抗磨的原因.docxVIP

亚共晶高铬白口铸铁不抗磨的原因子澍 1, 郭海波 2( 1.北京工业大学 材料科学与工 亚共晶高铬白口铸铁不抗磨的原因 子 澍 1, 郭海波 2 ( 1.北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100022; 2.北京北瀛铸造有限公司, 北京 102600) 摘要: 亚共晶高铬白口铸铁显微组织中含有初晶奥氏体树枝晶, 它得不到高硬度碳化物的良好保护。该合金试样的磨损 面被磨料犁削的沟槽深而长。当热处理加热时, 铸态初晶奥氏体含有过饱和的 C 和 Cr, 将以碳化物形式析出。为了平衡 w( C) 量和 w( Cr) 量, 必须通过扩散析出碳化物。但在初晶奥氏体树枝晶中元素的扩散析出是很慢的, 以致在通常实施的 奥氏体保温时间内, 远达不到平衡值, 结果是初晶奥氏体具有低的 Ms 温度, 使它含有较高的残余奥氏体。 关键词: 高铬白口铸铁; 初晶奥式体; 亚共晶高铬铸铁的显微组织 中图分类号: TG252 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1003- 8345( 2007) 05- 0050- 05 On the Reason Causing Poor Wear Resistance of Hypoeutectic High- Cr White Cast Ir on ZI Shu1, GUO Hai- bo2 ( 1.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100022, China; 2.Beiying Foundry Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China) Abstr act: The hypoeutectic high - Cr white cast iron( WCI) cont ains proeutectic austenite dendrite, which appears to be not good protected by its hard carbide component. The wear grooves at the surface of the hypoeutectic WCI specimens appear deeper and longer. During heating up, as- cast proeutectic austenite dendrite contains supersaturation carbon and chromium, which will precipitate out in the form of carbide. In order to reach the equilibrium contents of w( C) and w( Cr) , the carbide precipitation by way of diffusion is necessary. However, the diffusion and precipitation of elements is very slow in the proeutectic austenite dendrite. Therefore their contents will be far from the equilibrium values after the normal holding time at the austenitizing temperature. As a result, the proeutectic austenite still exhibit a lower Ms temperature leading to relatively higher content of residual austenite. Key wor ds: high- Cr white cast Iron; proeutectic austenite; microstructure of hypoeutectic high- Cr WCI. 近年来, 通过大量实践, 国内外一些专家提 出, 在许多磨料磨损工况条件下( 如低应力磨料 磨损, 高应力磨料磨损) , 高铬白口铸铁应选择共 晶成分( 或稍过共晶成分) [1～3], 这时高铬白口铸铁 很抗磨。显然, 专家们不推荐选择亚共晶高铬白 口铸铁。那么, 亚共晶高铬白口铸铁存在什么问 题呢? 笔者将就此问题进行分析。 碳当量 CE 为: CE=w( C) +0.05[w(Cr)]+0.33[w(Si)] 当 CE=4.3%时, 为