第5章酶分离工程.ppt

the free energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously。 Unstable systems have a high G, stable systems have a low G. All systems will go to a more stable state…unless something prevents this from happening * What do you know about protein? What happens to the uncharged proteins? SDS vs isoelectric focussing. Must have a major role since the technique is named after it! What does it mean to denature a protein? * The history of chromatography begins during the mid-19th century. Chromatography, literally color writing, was used—and named— in the first decade of the 20th century, primarily for the separation of plant pigments such as chlorophyll. New types of chromatography developed during the 1930s and 1940s made the technique useful for many types of separation process. Some related techniques were developed during the 19th century (and even before), but the first true chromatography is usually attributed to Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet, who used columns of calcium carbonate for separating plant pigments during the first decade of the 20th century during his research of chlorophyll. Chromatography became developed substantially as a result of the work of Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge during the 1940s and 1950s. They established the principles and basic techniques of partition chromatography, and their work encouraged the rapid development of several types of chromatography method: paper chromatography, gas chromatography, and what would become known as high performance liquid chromatography. Since then, the technology has advanced rapidly. Researchers found that the main principles of Tsvets chromatography could be applied in many different ways, resulting in the different varieties of chromatography described below. Simultaneously, advances continually improved the technical performance of chromatography, allowing the separation of increasingly similar molecules. * 14.6956 PSI=-1