济宁市近地表大气降尘地球化学特征及污染来源解析.docx

济宁市近地表大气降尘地球化学特征及污染来源解析代杰瑞 1*,祝德成 1 济宁市近地表大气降尘地球化学特征及污染来源解析 代杰瑞 1*,祝德成 1,庞绪贵 1,王 学 2 (1.山东省地质调查院,山东 济南 250013；2.中国科学院地理科学与资源 研究所,北京 100101) 摘要：在济宁城区采集近地表大气降尘及不同污染端元样品,系统分析了大气降尘和污染端元元素含量特征,并对降尘空间分布及污染来 源进行研究.结果表明:燃煤、汽车尾气、交通、建筑等不同污染端元中元素含量差别明显,燃煤尘中 As、Cd、Cu、F、Pb、S、Se 等元素 含量高于其他端元尘,且明显高于降尘,对环境影响最大,而建筑尘对环境影响相对较小.济宁市近地表大气尘中 Cd、Pb、Se、Zn、Hg、CaO 受到不同程度人为活动影响,相关分析和因子分析结果表明,Cd、Pb、Se、Zn 主要来源于企业燃煤,贡献率 26.32%,这些元素高含量区与燃 煤污染源空间分布相吻合;CaO 与交通扬尘产生的二次污染有关,贡献率 10.06%,Hg 主要源于汽车尾气排放,贡献率 8.12%;而降尘中 As、 Cr、F、Ni 基本没有受到人类活动影响,主要来源于土壤粉尘的沉降(自然源),贡献率 30%,这 4 种污染源是济宁市大气降尘的主要来源.自 然来源的 As、Cr、F、Ni 具有较小的富集系数,且相关性较好;而受人类活动影响的 Cd、Pb、Se、Hg 等元素具有较大富集系数或变异系 数,在空间分布上与污染源较为一致. 关键词：污染端元；大气降尘；富集程度；因子分析 中图分类号：X513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2014)01-0040-09 Geochemical characteristics and pollution sources identification of the near-surface atmosphere dust-fall in Jining City. DAI Jie-rui1*, ZHU De-cheng1, PANG Xu-gui1, WANG Xue2 (1.Shandong Institute of Geological Survey, Jinan 250013, China；2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China). China Environmental Science, 2014,34(1)：40~48 Abstract：Samples of near-surface atmosphere dust-fall and different pollution end-members were collected in the urban area of Jining City. The element characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere dust-fall and pollution end-members were analyzed systematically and the spatial distribution of the dust-fall and its pollution sources were studied. The results showed that the contents of elements varied obviously in different pollution end-members. The contents of As, Cd, Cu, F, Pb, S and Se within coal dust-fall were the highest, higher than those in atmosphere dust-fall and exerted great influence on the environment. The contents of Cd, Pb, Se, Zn, Hg and CaO within near-surface atmosphere dust-fall were affected by human activities in different degrees. Results of correlation analysis and factor analysis showed that Cd, Pb, Se and Zn mainly came from enterprise