曲轴零件的机械加工工艺及夹具设计.docVIP

曲轴零件的机械加工工艺及夹具设计 曲轴零件的机械加工工艺及夹具设计 摘 要:曲轴是机器的关键部件之一,主要用于往复式机械,在柴油机中与活塞连接，通过其旋转运动转换成活塞的直线运动。其材质大体分为两类：一是钢锻曲轴，二是球墨铸铁曲轴。曲轴关键技术是整个产业中占有非常重要的地位。曲轴在发动机中是非常难以加工的零件之一。在发动机中，曲轴工作需要承载巨大载荷，工作条件极其恶劣，对曲轴材质以及毛坯加工技术、精度、表面粗糙度、热处理和表面强化、动平衡等要求都十分严格。本设计结合实际进行理论分析，在保证产品质量，提高生产效率，降低生产成本的的前提下，对曲轴零件的工艺进行优化设计。 从目前的总体水平看,低下的生产率,落后的技术和设备,粗糙的机械性能导致毛坯铸造工艺存在不稳定,精度低、废品率高等等问题。球墨铸铁具有良好的切削性能，也能进行热处理和表面硬化来提高曲轴疲劳强度和耐磨性。在本次设计中曲轴的材质为球墨铸铁。 本设计利用所学知识，查找资料设计可取的工艺路线，选取了加工工艺完善也比较精密和经济的作为方案，并设计其中一到二个工序的加工夹具。夹具设计的思路如下：（1）根据设计任务书收集设计资料；（2）初步拟订夹具的结构方案、绘制零件图；（3）绘制夹具总装图。 关键词：曲轴 球墨铸铁 工艺路线 夹具 R180 diesel engine crankshaft process design and fixture design ABSTRACT:The graduation design is about R180 diesel engine crankshaft process design and its two process to fixture design. Crankshaft is one of the key parts of diesel engine, the material can be divided into two categories: one is forged steel crankshaft, 2 it is ductile iron crankshaft. The crankshaft key technology is one of the most concern of the whole industry. Is engine crankshaft under impact load, the power of the important parts of the engine five big one of the most difficult to guarantee machining quality. Because crankshaft working conditions, material for crankshaft blank and processing technology, precision, surface roughness, heat treatment and surface strengthening is very strict, dynamic balance, etc. This design based on Auto CAD, draw the corresponding part drawing and design desirable process route finding out information, and select the processing craft is more precise and the economy as a solution. Fixture design train of thought is: (1) clear design task, design information collection; 2) to formulate the fixture structure scheme, the structure of the drawing sketch; (3) map clamp assembly. Key words：The crankshaft Ductile iron Process route fixture 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \u 17429 1前言 1 32524 1.1绪论 6 32524 1.2曲轴的概念 6 19216 1.3曲轴的制造技术 6 28223 1.3.1曲轴材料 8 13614 1.3.2曲轴加工 8 15452 1.4论文结构 9 2706 2 曲轴零件工艺设计 10 19869 2.1 分析