Underground space planning in Helsinki 赫尔辛基的地下空间规划.pdfVIP

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Underground space planning in Helsinki 赫尔辛基的地下空间规划.pdf

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 6 (2014) 387 e398 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering journal homepage: Full length article Underground space planning in Helsinki Ilkka Vähäaho* Geotechnical Division, Real Estate Department, City of Helsinki FI-00099, Finland a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki, Finland. The city has an under- Received 16 April 2014 ground master plan (UMP) for its whole municipal area, not only for certain parts of the city. Further, the Received in revised form decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step. Some examples of underground space use 12 May 2014 in other cities are also given. The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban Accepted 13 May 2014 underground space use, including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically Available online 23 August 2014 acceptable landscape, anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations. Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efﬁ- Keywords: Land use planning ciency. T