传感器 第一章.pptVIP

SENSOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING * * CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This course is to concentrate on circuit and signal processing applications of sensors rather than the details of the actual sensors themselves. 1.What is the sensor or transducer? A sensor is a device that receives a signal or stimulus and responds with an electrical signal,while a transducer is a converter of one type of energy into another. In practice, however, the terms are often used interchangeably. 2.What is the use of sensors? Sensors and their associated circuits are used to measure various physical properties such as temperature, force, pressure, flow, position, light intensity, etc. These properties act as the stimulus to the sensor, and the sensor output is conditioned and processed to provide the corresponding measurement of the physical property. SENSOR OVERVIEW Sensors: Convert a Signal or Stimulus (Representing a Physical Property) into an Electrical Output Transducers: Convert One Type of Energy into Another The Terms are often Interchanged Active Sensors Require an External Source of Excitation: RTDs, Strain-Gages Passive (Self-Generating) Sensors do not: Thermocouples, Photodiodes 3.How are the sensors classified? Sensors may be classified in a number of ways. (1)From a signal conditioning viewpoint it is useful to classify sensors as either active or passive. An active sensor requires an external source of excitation. An alternative would be to place the devices in a bridge circuit, an external current or voltage is required. Passive(or self-generating) sensors generate their own electrical output signal. (2) A logical way to classify sensors is with respect to the physical property the sensor is designed to measure. For example, temperature sensors, force sensors, pressure sensors, motion sensors, etc. However, sensors which measure different properties may have the same type of electrical output. Current Passive Photodiode