二章劳动生产率和比较优势李嘉图模型研究报告.pptVIP

This can be illustrated with the help of a numerical example: Assume that PC = $12 and that PW = $12. Therefore, we have PC / PW = 1 as in our previous example. Since Home specializes in cheese after trade, its wage will be (1/aLC)PC = ( 1/1)$12 = $12. Since Foreign specializes in wine after trade, its wage will be (1/a*LW) PW = (1/3)$12 = $4. Therefore the relative wage of Home will be $12/$4 = 3. Thus, the country with the higher absolute advantage will enjoy a higher wage after trade. Productivity and Competition Myth 1: Free trade is beneficial only if a country is strong enough to withstand foreign competition. This argument fails to recognize that trade is based on comparative not absolute advantage. The Pauper Labor Argument Myth 2: Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. Again in our example Foreign has lower wages but still benefits from trade. 2-4 Misconceptions About Comparative Advantage Exploitation Myth 3: Trade makes the workers worse off in countries with lower wages. In the absence of trade these workers would be worse off. Denying the opportunity to export is to condemn poor people to continue to be poor. Table 2-3: Changes in Wages and Unit Labor Costs 模型建立（Setting Up the Model） Both countries consume and are able to produce a large number, N, of different goods. 按两国生产产品的相对劳动投入排序： a*L1/aL1 ＜a*L2/aL2 ＜ a*L3/aL3 ＜…＜ a*LN/aLN 相对工资与专业化（Relative Wages and Specialization） 贸易模式依赖于两国的劳动工资（The pattern of trade will depend on the ratio of Home to Foreign wages.） 成本最低原则选择产品进行专业化生产Goods will always be produced where it is cheapest to make them. For example, it will be cheaper to produce good i in Home if waLi w*a*Li a*Li/aLi w/w*. 2-5 Comparative Advantage with Many Goods多产品模型中的比较优势 Table 2-4: Home and Foreign Unit Labor Requirements 哪个国家生产哪些产品Which country produces which goods? A country has a cost advantage in any good for which its relative productivity is higher than its relative