机械专业英语课件7.pptVIP

上一课回顾 单词复习： concurrent engineering design deem Integral reciprocating motion/ circular motion internal combustion?engine Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology modern design theory and methodology Lesson 7 Engineering Design and safety factors 工程设计和安全系数 重点词汇： allude saftey factor yield strength/ultimate tensile strength requisite/requirement/require evaluation/evaluate crystal bizarre Paragraph 1 Any consideration of engineering materials and engineering design of systems utilizing materials must initially deal with(涉及到) Murphy’s Law for Materials systems and the laws of materials applications: 工程材料和应用材料的系统工程设计最初都会涉及材料的墨菲法则和材料应用法则。 Murphy’s Law: If any material can fail, it will. Laws of materials applications (1) All materials are unstable. (2) The materials system is only as strong or as stable as its weakest or most unstable component. 墨菲法则：如果任何材料有可能出问题，它（系统）终将出问题。 材料应用法则：（1）任何材料都是不牢固的；（2）材料系统的强度和牢固程度仅仅像它最薄弱的、最不牢固的部分。 Paragraph 2:  Although they are both obvious and incontrovertible(无可争辫的), we might elaborate upon these laws, especially the laws of materials applications. All materials are indeed unstable. Even such materials as platinum can be degraded in particular environments. 虽然这些法则是显见的、不容置疑的，我们还要详细描述这些法则，特别是材料应用法则。所有材料确实是不牢固的。即使像白金（platinum）这样的材料在特殊环境中也会性能减弱。 Under stress(应力， strain 应变), all materials respond to that stress. Creep(蠕变) is an example. Given enough time, failure(失效) can be calculated to occur in all materials under creep stress. 在压力作用下，所有材料都会有变化。蠕变(creep)是一个例子。在蠕变压力作用下，若有足够的时间，所有材料一定会产生屈服。 Stress and environment can act in concert to cause failure, for example, stress corrosion cracking. Creep-temperature effects and stress-temperature effects can contribute to the degradation of properties and components and system failure. 压力和环境共同（in concert）作用会造成屈服，例如，应力腐蚀裂纹。蠕变温度影响和应力—温度影响都会导致性能降低、零件和系统失败。 The design processParagraph 3: The design process usually begins with a specification