初三英语 — 句子的成分.pptxVIP

【知识精讲】句子的成分;句子的成分;一、主语: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语);二、谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词);His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….;It sounds a good idea. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.;四、宾语： 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句);2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? 3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.;五、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词);六、主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. ;七、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词);The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过???分词) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句);八、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorrow.