凝视与社会行动.PDFVIP

2000 3 吕　炳　强 　　Abstract:Schutz tried to place Webers notion of social action upon a phenomeno- logical foundation but discovered instead that it can only be studied in the world of con- temporaries or that of predecessors, that is , in theobservers gaze.Thisinsight hasbeen overlooked by sociologists.A separate effort by philosophers, including Ricoeur, resulted in the fairly well-received notion of “action as text.”An unnoticed implication is that a sociological theory is the sociologists action and hence is also a text.This paper, by way of examples in Durkheim, Parsons and arfinkel, sets out to establish two claims:First, there must be a time structure in every sociologists gaze, but social action can only be observed in certain particular kindsof time structure.Second, in any sociological theory a semiological system particular to it can always befound, but socialaction as a sign is only contained in certain particular semiological systems. 、　 , 20 , , ;, “”“”, 。 , 。, 、、、;、、、、。 :(), , 。 (), , , 。() , “”, 。 ()“”。 () “”“”。 。 ()-- 。 ()“”, 。 , 。 :“”, 、, , 1999 10 15-19 。 , “Lui, Ping Keung”。 1 :。 、 1920 。《》 (): 社会学旨在理解地领会社会行动, 因果地解释其历程与后果。所谓`行动, 乃牵涉到行动 中的 个 给予自身行为的主观意义。行动之所以成为`社会行动, 乃牵涉到其主观意义往往 顾及他 的行为, 并由其自身行动的历程中得到引导。 (Weber, 1978:4) (Schutz, 1980:7)。 , 。, , 。 12 (1932 )《》(《 》), , 。, 。 (Natanson, 1962:Ⅷ-Ⅹ)。 :, , “”“”(Schutz, 1980: 147)。, , “”、“”、“”“” ① 。“”“” 。 , “”。, , 。, 。。 , 。“ , 。”(Schutz, 1980:163)。 “。 , , ` 。”(Schutz, 1980:181)。“, 。 , 。”